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Climatological Study of Urban Climate and Heat and Cold Mortalities in Japan

This book describes observed features of urban climate and its long-term variations as well as the relationship of climate to heat stroke in Japan, based on observational data and statistical analyses. Consisting of three parts, the book is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals invol...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Fujibe, Fumiaki (Author)
Corporate Author: SpringerLink (Online service)
Format: Electronic eBook
Language:English
Published: Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore : Imprint: Springer, 2023.
Edition:1st ed. 2023.
Series:International Perspectives in Geography, AJG Library, 21
Subjects:
Physical geography.
Climatology.
Geography.
Bioclimatology.
Physical Geography.
Climate Sciences.
Regional Geography.
Climate Change Ecology.
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4386-9
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Table of Contents:
  • Part 1. Urban Heat Islands and Urban Warming in Japan
  • Chapter 1. Basic Features of the Urban Heat Island (UHI)
  • 1.1 Observational Studies on Nighttime UHIs
  • 1.1.1 Examples of UHI
  • 1.1.2 Vertical Structure of UHI
  • 1.2 Climatology of UHI Intensity
  • 1.2.1 Indices of UHI Intensity and Urbanness
  • 1.2.2 Relationship between Nighttime UHI Intensity and Climatological Factors
  • 1.3 Mechanisms of UHI Formation
  • Chapter 2. Climatology of Long-term Urban Warming
  • 2.1 Interest in Urban Warming
  • 2.2 Detection of Urban Warming in Long-term Temperature Trends in Japan
  • 2.2.1 Relationship between Temperature Trends and Population Density
  • 2.2.2 Dependence of Temperature Trends on Population Density: Analysis for a Centennial Time Scale
  • 2.3 Dependence of Urban Warming on Weather Conditions
  • Chapter 3. Sub-city Scale Temperature Distribution
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Temperature around Urban Parks
  • 3.3 Microscale Effects on Observed Temperature
  • 3.4 Microscale Effects on Long-term Temperature Trends
  • Chapter 4. Wind and Precipitation in Cities
  • 4.1 Urban Wind
  • 4.1.1 Urban Effects on Surface Wind Speed
  • 4.1.2 Heat-island Circulation
  • 4.1.3 Interaction between the Heat-island Circulation and Local Winds
  • 4.2 Urban Humidity and Precipitation
  • 4.2.1 Relative Humidity and Amount of Water Vapor
  • 4.2.2 Urban Fog
  • 4.2.3 Clouds and Precipitation in Cities
  • 4.2.4 Urban Snow
  • Part 2. Climatology of Heat and Cold Mortalities in Japan
  • Chapter 5. Climatology of Heat Stroke Mortality in Japan
  • 5.1 Basic Statistics of Heat Stroke Deaths in Japan
  • 5.1.1 Outline of Heat Stroke Data
  • 5.1.2 Definition of Heat Stroke Mortality Rate
  • 5.1.3 Basic Statistics of Heat Stroke Mortality in Japan
  • 5.2 Regional Variations of Heat Stroke Mortality Rates and Temperature
  • 5.2.1 Outline of the Analysis Procedure
  • 5.2.2 Spatial Patterns
  • 5.2.3 Interannual Variability
  • 5.2.4 Seasonal Variations
  • 5.2.5 Summary and Remarks
  • 5.3 Relationship between Daily Heat Stroke Mortality and Temperature
  • 5.3.1 Background
  • 5.3.2 Regional and Temporal Features
  • 5.3.3 Summary and Remarks
  • 5.4 Dependence of Municipality-wise Heat Stroke Mortality Rate on Temperature and Economic States
  • 5.4.1 Background
  • 5.4.2 Data and Procedure of Analysis
  • 5.4.3 Results of Correlation Analysis
  • 5.4.4 Summary and Remarks
  • Chapter 6. Comparison of Climatology of Ambulance Transport Rates and Mortality
  • 6.1 Background
  • 6.2 Data and Analysis
  • 6.3 Regional, Interannual and Seasonal Variations of Transport Rate
  • 6.4 Relationship between Daily Transport Rate and Meteorological Factors
  • 6.5 Summary and Remarks
  • Chapter 7. Climatology of Cold Mortality in Japan
  • 7.1 Background
  • 7.2 Data and Analysis
  • 7.3 Basic Statistics of Cold Mortality
  • 7.4 Regional and Temporal Features of Cold Mortality
  • 7.5 Relationship between Daily Cold Mortality and Temperature.
  • 7.6 Dependence on Municipality-wise Cold Mortality on Temperature and Annual Income
  • 7.7 Summary and Remarks
  • Part 3. Outline of the Climate and Meteorological Observations in Japan
  • Chapter 8. Outline of the Geography and Climate of Japan
  • 8.1 Topography and Local Government System of Japan
  • 8.2. Climatology of Summer High Temperature in Japan
  • 8.2.1 Overview of the Climate of Japan
  • 8.2.2 Outline of Midsummer Weather
  • 8.2.3 Thermally-induced Winds and Urban Heat Island in the Kanto Plain
  • Chapter 9. Availability and Homogeneity of Meteorological Data in Japan
  • 9.1 Meteorological Observation Systems in Japan
  • 9.1.1 JMA Observatories
  • 9.1.2 Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS)
  • 9.1.3 Kunai Observation
  • 9.1.4 Other Surface Observations
  • 9.1.5 Upper-level Observation
  • 9.2 Temporal Homogeneity of JMA Observation Data
  • 9.2.1 Effect of Site Changes
  • 9.2.2 Change in Observation Equipment
  • 9.2.3 Change in Observation Time.

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