Impact of Inequality, Growth, and Fiscal Policy on Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index: A Study on 111 Countries
This study investigates the impact of income inequality, GDP growth, and fiscal policy on the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) across 111 countries from 2010-2020. Using fixed effects panel regression with lag structure. This study analyzes how public expenditures in agriculture, education, heal...
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Jahangirnagar University Planning Review
2026
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| Online-Zugang: | http://journals.juniv.edu/index.php/jupr/article/view/407 |
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| author | Sumya Sydunnaher |
| author_facet | Sumya Sydunnaher |
| author_sort | Sumya Sydunnaher |
| collection | OJS |
| description | This study investigates the impact of income inequality, GDP growth, and fiscal policy on the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) across 111 countries from 2010-2020. Using fixed effects panel regression with lag structure. This study analyzes how public expenditures in agriculture, education, health, transport, energy, housing, and social protection influence MPI across different income groups.
Results show that in lower-middle and low-income countries (LMLICs, n=67), a one-unit increase in the Gini index is associated with a 0.003-point reduction in MPI (p<0.05). Agricultural spending exhibits a U-shaped relationship: initial increases reduce MPI (β = -0.041, p<0.05), but benefits diminish beyond 3.2% of GDP. In upper-middle and high-income countries (UMHCs, n=44), only transport expenditure significantly reduces MPI (β = -0.015, p<0.10). Counterintuitively, health spending in UMHCs (β = 0.016, p<0.10) and social protection spending in LMLICs (β = 0.017, p<0.05) show positive associations with MPI, which robustness tests suggest may partially reflect reverse causality. The overall findings highlight the importance of context-specific policy design and institutional quality in maximizing the poverty-reducing impact of public investment. |
| format | Online |
| id | ojs-407 |
| institution | My University |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Jahangirnagar University Planning Review |
| record_format | ojs |
| spelling | ojs-4072026-08-18T10:28:59Z Impact of Inequality, Growth, and Fiscal Policy on Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index: A Study on 111 Countries Sumya Sydunnaher Fiscal Policy Public Expenditure Income Inequality GDP Growth MPI Income Poverty This study investigates the impact of income inequality, GDP growth, and fiscal policy on the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) across 111 countries from 2010-2020. Using fixed effects panel regression with lag structure. This study analyzes how public expenditures in agriculture, education, health, transport, energy, housing, and social protection influence MPI across different income groups. Results show that in lower-middle and low-income countries (LMLICs, n=67), a one-unit increase in the Gini index is associated with a 0.003-point reduction in MPI (p<0.05). Agricultural spending exhibits a U-shaped relationship: initial increases reduce MPI (β = -0.041, p<0.05), but benefits diminish beyond 3.2% of GDP. In upper-middle and high-income countries (UMHCs, n=44), only transport expenditure significantly reduces MPI (β = -0.015, p<0.10). Counterintuitively, health spending in UMHCs (β = 0.016, p<0.10) and social protection spending in LMLICs (β = 0.017, p<0.05) show positive associations with MPI, which robustness tests suggest may partially reflect reverse causality. The overall findings highlight the importance of context-specific policy design and institutional quality in maximizing the poverty-reducing impact of public investment. Jahangirnagar University Planning Review 2026-06-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Conference Proceedings Submission application/pdf http://journals.juniv.edu/index.php/jupr/article/view/407 10.59185/urp.v24i1.407 Jahangirnagar University Planning Review; Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026); 101-116 10.59185/urp.v24i1 eng http://journals.juniv.edu/index.php/jupr/article/view/407/354 Copyright (c) 2026 Jahangirnagar University Planning Review |
| spellingShingle | Fiscal Policy Public Expenditure Income Inequality GDP Growth MPI Income Poverty Sumya Sydunnaher Impact of Inequality, Growth, and Fiscal Policy on Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index: A Study on 111 Countries |
| title | Impact of Inequality, Growth, and Fiscal Policy on Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index: A Study on 111 Countries |
| title_full | Impact of Inequality, Growth, and Fiscal Policy on Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index: A Study on 111 Countries |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Inequality, Growth, and Fiscal Policy on Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index: A Study on 111 Countries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Inequality, Growth, and Fiscal Policy on Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index: A Study on 111 Countries |
| title_short | Impact of Inequality, Growth, and Fiscal Policy on Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index: A Study on 111 Countries |
| title_sort | impact of inequality growth and fiscal policy on multi dimensional poverty index a study on 111 countries |
| topic | Fiscal Policy Public Expenditure Income Inequality GDP Growth MPI Income Poverty |
| topic_facet | Fiscal Policy Public Expenditure Income Inequality GDP Growth MPI Income Poverty |
| url | http://journals.juniv.edu/index.php/jupr/article/view/407 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sumyasydunnaher impactofinequalitygrowthandfiscalpolicyonmultidimensionalpovertyindexastudyon111countries |