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Processing of Biodegradable Polymers

Biodegradable polymers (BDPs) based on renewable sources have been drawing scientific as well as industrial attention due to their potential to replace fossil derived polymers (FDPs) for a large number of applications. Furthermore, BDPs introduce the viability of bio-degradation at the end of their...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Kenig, Samuel
Format: Electronic eBook
Language:Undetermined
Published: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH and Co. KG 2024
Subjects:
Biodegradable plastics.
Polymers > Biodegration.
Biopolymers.
Matières plastiques biodégradables.
Biopolymères.
Architecture.
architecture (discipline)
Biodegradable plastics
Biopolymers
Online Access:ScienceDirect
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Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • List of Contributors
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • 1 Biodegradable Polymers' Composition, Properties, Processing, and Applications
  • Anna Dotan, Amos Ophir, and Samuel Kenig
  • 1.1 Introduction to Biodegradable Polymers and Biodegradability
  • 1.1.1 Defining Biodegradable Polymers and Biodegradability
  • 1.1.2 Fundamental Mechanisms of Degradation
  • 1.1.3 Composting
  • 1.2 Biodegradable Polymers' Composition, Processing, and Properties
  • 1.2.1 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)
  • 1.2.1.1 Composition and Properties
  • 1.2.1.2 Biodegradation Mechanisms
  • 1.2.1.3 Processability
  • 1.2.2 Polybutylene Succinate (PBS)
  • 1.2.3 Modified PET
  • 1.2.4 Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)
  • 1.2.4.1 Composition and Properties
  • 1.2.4.2 PHA Stabilization
  • 1.2.4.3 Branched PHA
  • 1.2.4.4 Properties of PHB
  • 1.2.4.5 Biodegradability
  • 1.2.4.6 Processability
  • 1.2.5 PHBH Polyester
  • 1.2.6 Water-Soluble, Biodegradable Polymers
  • 1.2.6.1 Starch
  • 1.2.6.2 Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVOH)
  • 1.2.6.3 Cellulose Ether
  • 1.2.6.4 Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
  • 1.2.6.5 Polyacrylamide
  • 1.2.6.6 Agarose
  • 1.2.6.7 Polyethylene Oxide
  • 1.2.6.8 Chitosan
  • 1.2.6.9 Sodium Polyacrylate
  • 1.3 Biodegradable Polymers
  • Summary of Properties
  • 1.4 Biodegradable Polymer Blends, Copolymers, and Additives
  • 1.4.1 PLA Blends, Copolymers, and Additives
  • 1.4.1.1 PLA Additives
  • 1.4.1.2 PLA Fillers
  • 1.4.1.3 Biodegradable PLA Nanocomposites
  • 1.4.2 PHA Blends, Copolymers, and Additives
  • 1.4.2.1 PHA Blends
  • 1.4.2.2 PHA Additives
  • 1.4.3 PTMAT Blends
  • 1.5 Conclusions
  • 2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Advancements in Blends, Biocomposites, and Their Commercialization
  • Debarshi Nath, Ehsan Pesaranhajiabbas, Akhilesh K. Pal, Bandaru Ramarao, Manjusri Misra, and Amar K. Mohanty
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 PHA-Based Blends.
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 A General Description of Injection Molding
  • 7.3 Foam Injection Molding
  • 7.3.1 Structural Foam
  • 7.3.2 Surface Appearance
  • 7.4 Processing of Structural Foams
  • 7.4.1 Low-Pressure Process
  • 7.4.2 Low-Pressure with Co-Injection
  • 7.4.3 Gas Counterpressure
  • 7.4.4 High-Pressure Process
  • 7.4.5 Mold Opening
  • 7.5 Foaming Agents
  • 7.5.1 Chemical Blowing Agents
  • 7.5.2 Physical Blowing Agents
  • 7.5.3 Other Foaming Methods
  • 7.6 Machine Requirements
  • 7.6.1 Control of Back Pressure
  • 7.6.2 Screw Modification
  • 7.6.3 Shut-Off Nozzle
  • 7.6.4 Special Modification of the Injection System
  • 7.7 Process Variables
  • 7.8 Foam Injection Molding of PLA
  • 7.8.1 Solubility of Physical Blowing Agents in PLA
  • 7.8.2 Mold Temperature
  • 7.8.3 Injection Flow Rate
  • 7.8.4 Back Pressure
  • 7.8.5 Foam Injection Molding with Mold Opening: Effect of Opening Rate
  • 7.9 Foam Injection Molding of PLA: Additives and Compounds
  • 7.9.1 Chemical Modification of PLA
  • 7.9.2 Foam Injection Molding of PLA with Talc
  • 7.9.3 Foam Injection Molding of PLA with Natural Fibers
  • 7.9.4 Foam Injection Molding of PLA-Based Nanocomposites
  • 7.9.5 PLA Blends and Compounds
  • 7.10 Conclusions and Perspectives
  • 8 Microfibrillation as a Facile Processing Technique to Produce Improved Biobased Thermoplastic Blends
  • Adel Ramezani Kakroodi, Yasamin Kazemi, and Chul B. Park
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Microstructure of Microfibrillar Composites
  • 8.3 Effects of Microfibrillation on Rheological Properties of Bioplastics
  • 8.4 Effects of Microfibrillation on Crystallization Behavior of Bioplastics
  • 8.5 Effects of Microfibrillation on Mechanical Properties of Bioplastics
  • 8.6 Effects of Microfibrillation on Foaming Ability of Bioplastics
  • 8.7 Conclusions
  • 9 Electrospinning of Biodegradable Polymers
  • Shih-Jung Liu
  • 9.1 Introduction.
  • 9.2 Variants of the Electrospinning Process
  • 9.2.1 Coaxial Electrospinning
  • 9.2.2 Other Variants of Electrospinning
  • 9.2.3 Needleless Electrospinning
  • 9.2.4 Electrospraying
  • 9.3 Effects of Processing Parameters on Electrospinning
  • 9.4 Biodegradable Polymers for Electrospinning
  • 9.4.1 Natural Polymers
  • 9.4.1.1 DNA
  • 9.4.1.2 Silk Fibroin
  • 9.4.1.3 Fibrinogens
  • 9.4.1.4 Dextran
  • 9.4.1.5 Chitin and Chitosan
  • 9.4.1.6 Collagen
  • 9.4.1.7 Gelatin
  • 9.4.1.8 Hyaluronic Acid
  • 9.4.1.9 Cellulose
  • 9.4.2 Synthetic Polymers
  • 9.4.2.1 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)
  • 9.4.2.2 Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)
  • 9.4.2.3 Polycaprolactone (PCL)
  • 9.5 Summary
  • 10 Heat Sealability of Biodegradable Polymers for Packaging Applications and Their Degradation
  • Ramin Yousefzadeh Tabasi and Abdellah Ajji
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Results and Discussion
  • 10.3 Conclusions
  • Index.

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