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Microplastics : Transport, Impacts, Monitoring and Mitigation /

This book focuses on the environmental challenges posed by microplastics, examining their transport, impacts, monitoring, and mitigation. It addresses the proliferation and movement of microplastics in various ecosystems, detailing the factors influencing their distribution in air, water, and soil....

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Bibliografiske detaljer
Hovedforfatter: Welden, Natalie
Format: Electronisk eBog
Sprog:engelsk
Udgivet: San Diego : Elsevier, 2024.
Fag:
Microplastics.
Microplastiques.
Microplastics
Electronic books.
Online adgang:ScienceDirect
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Indholdsfortegnelse:
  • Front Cover
  • Microplastics
  • Copyright Page
  • Dedication
  • Contents
  • About the author
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgements
  • List of abbreviations
  • 1 The proliferation of plastics
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.1.1 New polymers solve old problems
  • 1.1.2 The development of an industry
  • 1.1.3 From home to habitat
  • 1.2 Microplastics
  • 1.2.1 Fragmentation versus degradation
  • 1.2.2 Environmental contamination: understanding nomenclature
  • 1.3 Observation to outcry
  • 1.4 Moving forward
  • References
  • 2 Microplastics on the move
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 The effect of polymer structure on plastic transport
  • 2.3 Airborne transport
  • 2.3.1 Factors influencing airborne transport
  • 2.4 Transport in water
  • 2.4.1 Factors influencing vertical transport in water
  • 2.4.1.1 Biofouling
  • 2.4.1.2 Mixing
  • 2.5 Factors influencing horizontal transport in water
  • 2.5.1 Horizontal transport in lotic environments
  • 2.5.2 Horizontal transport in lentic environments
  • 2.5.3 Horizontal transport in marine environments
  • 2.5.3.1 Windage
  • 2.6 Transport in sediments and soils
  • 2.7 Conclusions
  • References
  • 3 Monitoring environmental accumulation
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 The call for microplastic monitoring
  • 3.3 Modes of microplastic monitoring
  • 3.3.1 The requirements of researchers versus the requirements of monitoring agencies
  • 3.3.2 Extracting plastics from the environment
  • 3.3.2.1 Sediments and soils
  • 3.3.2.2 Terrestrial and exposed intertidal sediments
  • 3.3.2.3 Submerged intertidal and benthic sediments
  • 3.3.2.4 Characterisation of sediments and soils
  • 3.3.2.5 Water column
  • 3.3.2.6 Airborne plastics
  • 3.3.2.7 Snow and ice
  • 3.3.2.8 Citizen science
  • 3.4 Secondary processing of microplastic samples
  • 3.4.1 Exclusion of high-density material
  • 3.4.2 Removal of organic matter
  • 3.4.3 Staining
  • 3.4.4 Enumeration and identification
  • 3.4.5 Recovery efficiency, quality assurance and quality control
  • 3.5 Reporting
  • 3.6 Conclusions
  • References
  • 4 Exploring interaction, uptake and impacts
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Modes of exposure
  • 4.2.1 Direct ingestion
  • 4.2.1.1 Observations of ingested microplastics in wild-caught animals
  • 4.2.1.2 Observations of ingested microplastics following controlled exposure
  • 4.2.1.3 Factors influencing ingestion and retention
  • 4.2.2 Other observed interactions
  • 4.2.3 Plastic, plants and algae
  • 4.3 Quantifying exposure
  • 4.3.1 Dissection or digestion?
  • 4.3.2 Observation, enumeration and identification
  • 4.3.2.1 In situ observations
  • 4.4 Determining impacts
  • 4.4.1 Physical injury and structural changes
  • 4.4.2 Feeding and nutrient exchange
  • 4.4.3 Respiration
  • 4.4.4 Behavioural change
  • 4.4.5 Reproduction
  • 4.4.6 Survivorship
  • 4.4.7 Impacts in plants, algae and associated taxa
  • 4.4.8 Human-level effects
  • 4.5 Conclusions
  • References
  • 5 Ecosystem-level effects
  • 5.1 Introduction

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