Hydroclimatic extremes in the Middle East and North Africa : assessment, attribution, and socioeconomic impacts /

This book delves into the hydroclimatic extremes in the Middle East and North Africa, focusing on assessment, attribution, and socioeconomic impacts. Edited by experts in geography, astronomy, and meteorology, it presents a comprehensive analysis of climate challenges in arid and semi-arid regions....

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Bibliographic Details
Other Authors:	El Kenawy, Ahmed M.
Format:	Electronic eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2024.
Subjects:	Climatic extremes > Middle East. Climatic extremes > Africa, North. Extrêmes (Météorologie) > Afrique du Nord. Climatic extremes Middle East North Africa
Online Access:	ScienceDirect
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Table of Contents:

Front Cover
Hydroclimatic Extremes in the Middle East and North Africa
Copyright Page
Epigraph
Contents
List of figures
List of tables
List of contributors
About the editors
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Hydroclimatic extremes in arid and semi-arid regions: status, challenges, and future outlook
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Definition and classification
1.3 Historical and future trends and observations
1.4 Challenges in monitoring and prediction of hydroclimatic extremes
1.5 Mitigation and adaptation strategies
1.6 Future research directions
1.7 Conclusions
References
2 How warming in East Mediterranean may contribute to Sahara cyclogenesis
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Experiment design
2.3 Synoptic discussion
2.4 Results and discussions
2.4.1 The control experiment (SST0)
2.4.2 Role of sea surface temperature on storm evolution
2.4.2.1 Pressure, 10m wind speed: sensitivity to sea surface temperature
2.4.2.2 Surface latent heat flux
2.4.2.3 Surface heat flux
2.4.2.4 Surface moisture flux (Moisture convergence)
2.4.2.5 Dust concentration
2.5 Conclusions
References
3 Links between climate and hydrological budget in arid environments: the case of Sinai Peninsula
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Study area
3.3 Materials and methods
3.4 Results and discussion
3.4.1 The annual rate of evapotranspiration in the Sinai Peninsula
3.4.2 The average of seasonal and monthly evapotranspiration
3.5 Water deficit and surplus in the Sinai Peninsula
3.5.1 Annual water deficit and surplus
3.5.2 The seasonal and monthly water deficit and surplus
3.6 Conclusions
References
4 Impacts of climate change on drought in Libya
4.1 Overview
4.2 Materials and methods
4.2.1 Study area
4.2.2 Time series of standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index.
4.2.3 Climate projections
4.3 Statistical tests
4.3.1 Trend analysis
4.4 Results and discussions
4.4.1 Assessment of climatic projections state
4.4.1.1 Precipitation
4.4.1.2 Temperature
4.4.2 Droughts under recent past and future climate conditions
4.4.3 Climate change's potential effects on droughts
4.4.3.1 Climatic Zone-01-E
4.4.3.2 Climatic Zone-02-W
4.4.3.3 Climatic Zone-02-W
4.4.3.4 Climatic Zone-03-E
4.4.3.5 Climatic Zone-03-M
4.4.3.6 Climatic Zone-03-W
4.4.4 Future standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index evolution and trends
4.4.4.1 Standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index temporal trends
4.4.4.2 Standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index trends spatial pattern
4.5 Conclusions
List of abbreviations
Appendix A
The community climate system model
Representative concentration pathways
Ensemble members and average
References
5 Rainfall erosivity changes across the coastal region of Syria (1975-2010)
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Methods
5.2.1 Study area
5.2.2 Data acquisition and analysis
5.2.3 Trend analysis
5.2.4 Mapping rainfall erosivity (R) and extreme erosivity events
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Statistical characteristics and variability of R factor across the coastal region of Syria
5.3.2 Spatiotemporal change of R-factor and extreme events
5.4 Discussion
5.5 Conclusions
Appendix 1 Scatter plot between R-factor and rainfall in each location.
Appendix 2 Correlation and regression model (n=36) between rainfall (mm) and R-factor (MJ mm ha<U+0012>1 h<U+0012>1 per year) during the ...
Acknowledgment
References
6 Impacts of climate change on drought in northern Algeria
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Material and methods
6.2.1 Study region
6.2.2 Climate change and rainfall trend
6.2.3 Drought.
6.3 Multi-scale rainfall variability in northern Algeria
6.3.1 Rainfall trend
6.3.1.1 Annual rainfall trend
6.3.1.2 Seasonal and monthly rainfall variability
6.3.1.3 Daily rainfall variability
6.3.2 Projected rainfall evolution during the period 2070-99
6.4 Dry sequences and relationship with atmospheric oscillation indices in the Cheliff Basin
6.4.1 Dry sequence analysis
6.4.2 Total dry days on a monthly scale
6.4.3 Total number of dry days at the annual scale
6.5 Hydrological drought forecasts in the North West of Algeria
6.6 Hydrological drought assessment based on their trigger factors
6.7 Conclusions
References
7 Modeling and managing flash flood hazards in the state of Kuwait: a hydrogeomorphological study
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Study area
7.3 Methodology
7.3.1 Data description
7.3.2 Mapping flash floods (inundated areas)
7.3.3 Hydrological analysis
7.4 Results and discussion
7.4.1 Meteorological conditions during November 2018 event
7.4.2 Hydrological effects on desert areas and modeling the impact
7.4.3 The impact on urban area and infrastructure
7.4.4 Flood water management in Kuwait
7.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Funding
Competing interests
References
8 Rainfall characteristics in Egypt from 1960 to 2017: patterns, variability, driving mechanisms, and impacts
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Rainfall characteristics in Egypt
8.3 Trend analysis of rainfall
8.4 Probability analysis for rainfall
8.5 Precipitation concentration index of rainfall
8.6 Correlation of rainfall trends with teleconnection indices
8.7 Impacts of rainfall variability on agriculture in Egypt: the case of Matrouh Governorate
8.8 Conclusions
References
Further reading
9 Urban climate of the middle east and north Africa region: a comprehensive anatomization.
Abbreviations
9.1 An introductory glance
9.2 Historical overview
9.3 Approaches and methodologies
9.3.1 Indoor and outdoor
9.3.2 Single-city and comparative studies
9.3.3 Environmental approaches
9.3.4 Local climate zones approach
9.3.5 Urban layers and observation systems
9.3.6 Analytical methodologies
9.4 Findings and discoveries
9.4.1 Urban Heat Island quantification
9.4.2 UHI spatiotemporal variation
9.4.3 Urban Heat Island development (generation and determination)
9.4.3.1 Land use/land cover types
9.4.3.2 Urban green area
9.4.3.3 Anthropogenic heat flux
9.4.3.4 Coastal location
9.4.3.5 Climatic conditions
9.4.3.6 Urban planning and design
9.4.4 Urban Heat Island dynamics
9.4.5 Urban climate change
9.4.6 Urban Heat Island prediction and projections
9.4.7 Urban heat island impact
9.4.7.1 Rainfall
9.4.7.2 Heat exposure and stress
9.4.7.3 Public outdoor human comfort
9.4.7.4 Occupational health and workability assessment
9.4.7.5 Human comfort of sporty fan visitors
9.4.7.6 Energy consumption
9.4.8 Urban heat island mitigation and adaptation
9.4.8.1 Developing efficient vegetation systems
9.4.8.2 Planning and designing the modern urban fabric
9.4.8.3 Old traditional urban architecture
9.4.8.4 Cool surfaces and urban materials
9.5 Challenges and prospects
9.5.1 Data availability
9.5.2 Approaches and methodologies
9.5.3 UHI quantification, spatiotemporal variation, and development
9.5.4 The effectiveness and negative impacts of mitigation strategies
9.5.5 Adopting complex mitigation strategies
9.5.6 Differentiating the urban heat island mitigations in Middle East and North Africa and other regions
9.5.7 Maximizing the urban shading value
9.5.8 Developing an optimum urban design model.
9.5.9 Prioritize the mitigation implementation
References
Further reading
10 Analysis of surface urban heat island using nighttime MODIS LST data as a signal for regional climate change: a case stu...
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Data and methods
10.2.1 Study area
10.2.2 Land cover classification
10.2.3 Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer data
10.2.3.1 Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer data pre-processing
10.2.4 Surface urban heat island intensity calculation
10.3 Result and discussion
10.3.1 Temporal changes in surface urban heat island intensity
10.3.2 Temporal trends of surface urban heat island intensity from 2003 to 2019
10.3.3 Spatial distribution of surface urban heat island intensity
10.3.4 Hot spotted sites
10.3.5 Mitigation of surface urban heat island
10.4 Conclusions
10.5 Limitations and future studies
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of interest
References
11 Recent study of urbanization growth effects on the local climatic changes over Greater Cairo Region (Egypt) using satell...
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Study area
11.3 Meteorological data and methodology
11.4 Results
11.4.1 Computation of urbanization growth over Greater Cairo Region
11.4.2 The climatic change features over Greater Cairo Region
11.4.3 The relationship between the urbanization and climatic changes over Greater Cairo Region
11.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
12 Urban climate change in view of climate justice: case study Dokki Area, Giza, Egypt
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Case study
12.3 Methods
12.4 Results
12.5 Discussion
12.5.1 Urban climate
12.5.2 Achieving climate justice
12.6 Conclusions
References
13 Climate change and its impacts on selected archeological sites in Egypt
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Study area.

Hydroclimatic extremes in the Middle East and North Africa : assessment, attribution, and socioeconomic impacts /

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