Handbook of thermosetting foams, aerogels, and hydrogels : from fundamentals to advanced applications /
Handbook of Thermosetting Foams, Aerogels, and Hydrogels: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications presents the latest on the preparation, characterization, properties and applications of thermoset foams, aerogels and hydrogels. The book begins by introducing each of these concepts and their chara...
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| Outros autores: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Electrónico eBook |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| Publicado: |
Amsterdam, Netherlands :
Elsevier,
2024.
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| Subjects: | |
| Acceso en liña: | ScienceDirect |
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| LEADER | 00000cam a2200000 i 4500 | ||
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| 001 | on1439829028 | ||
| 003 | OCoLC | ||
| 005 | 20260915095226.0 | ||
| 006 | m o d | ||
| 007 | cr cnu---unuuu | ||
| 008 | 240617s2024 ne of 001 0 eng d | ||
| 040 | |a OPELS |b eng |e rda |e pn |c OPELS |d UKAHL |d OCLCL |d SFB |d OCLCF |d OCLCO | ||
| 020 | |z 9780323994521 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1439829028 | ||
| 050 | 4 | |a QD549 | |
| 082 | 0 | 4 | |a 541/.345 |1 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/ddc/E3P8K6jFhgJVpDWVP3YyXxPjQy |
| 245 | 0 | 0 | |a Handbook of thermosetting foams, aerogels, and hydrogels : |b from fundamentals to advanced applications / |c edited by Prasanth Raghavan [and more]. |
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam, Netherlands : |b Elsevier, |c 2024. | |
| 300 | |a 1 online resource. | ||
| 336 | |a text |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |a computer |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |a online resource |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 520 | |a Handbook of Thermosetting Foams, Aerogels, and Hydrogels: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications presents the latest on the preparation, characterization, properties and applications of thermoset foams, aerogels and hydrogels. The book begins by introducing each of these concepts and their characteristics, current applications, potential for further development, and environmental impacts. This is followed by three sections, each focusing on foams, aerogels and hydrogels developed from a specific thermosetting polymer category, covering polyurethane, epoxy resins and formaldehyde. In each section, detailed coverage includes preparation, structure, characterization, properties, processing and applications based on material, along with key challenges in design, processing, implementation and solutions.This is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students with an interest in thermoset lightweight materials across the disciplines of polymer science, chemistry, nanotechnology, materials science and engineering. The book will also be of interest to R&D professionals, engineers and scientists working with foams, hydrogels and aerogels for a range of applications and industries. | ||
| 500 | |a Includes index. | ||
| 588 | 0 | |a Online resource; title from PDF title page (ScienceDirect, viewed June 17, 2024). | |
| 505 | 0 | |a Front Cover -- Handbook of Thermosetting Foams, Aerogels, and Hydrogels -- Handbook of Thermosetting Foams, Aerogels, and Hydrogels From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the editors -- Foreword -- Preface -- 1- Introduction -- 1 -- Foams, aerogels and hydrogels: The state of the art and prospective technologies -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Synthesis of foams -- 1.3 Synthesis of aerogels -- 1.3.1 Supercritical drying -- 1.4 Synthesis of hydrogels -- 1.4.1 Bulk polymerization -- 1.4.2 Solution polymerization/cross-linking -- 1.4.3 Suspension polymerization or inverse-suspension polymerization -- 1.5 Conclusions -- References -- 2 -- Opportunities and versatile applications of thermoset foams, aerogels, and hydrogels: Current state of the art ... -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Classifications and applications -- 2.2.1 Foams -- 2.2.1.1 Polyurethane foams -- 2.2.1.2 Phenolic foams -- 2.2.1.3 Epoxy foam -- 2.2.1.4 Melamine formaldehyde (MF) foam -- 2.2.1.5 Urea formaldehyde (UF) foam -- 2.2.2 Aerogels -- 2.2.2.1 Polyurethane aerogels -- 2.2.2.2 Phenolic aerogels -- 2.2.2.3 Epoxy aerogels -- 2.2.2.4 Melamine formaldehyde aerogels -- 2.2.2.5 Urea formaldehyde aerogels -- 2.2.3 Hydrogels -- 2.2.3.1 Polyurethane hydrogels -- 2.2.3.2 Phenolic hydrogels -- 2.2.3.3 Epoxy hydrogels -- 2.2.3.4 Melamine formaldehyde hydrogels -- 2.2.3.5 Urea formaldehyde hydrogels -- 2.3 Challenges and future outlook -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References -- 3 -- Environmental impact and recycling technologies of thermoset resin, foams, aerogels and hydrogels -- 3.1 Introduction: Thermoset polymers -- 3.2 Development of thermosets with inherent recyclability -- 3.3 Stimuli-triggered degradable thermosets -- 3.4 Recyclable thermosets containing dynamic covalent networks -- 3.5 Polymer foam. | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 3.6 Environmental degradation of polyurethane foams -- 3.7 Aerogels -- 3.8 Environmental benefits of aerogels -- 3.9 Hydrogels -- 3.10 Conclusion -- References -- 2 -- Polyurethane-based foams, aerogels,and hydrogels -- 4 -- Polyurethane (PU): Structure, properties, and applications -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Chemistry of polyurethanes and synthesis -- 4.2.1 Isocyanates -- 4.2.2 Polyols -- 4.2.3 Chain extenders or cross-linkers -- 4.2.4 Catalysts -- 4.2.5 Surfactants -- 4.2.6 Preparation of polyurethanes -- 4.3 Types of polyurethanes foams and properties -- 4.3.1 Flexible polyurethane foams -- 4.3.2 Rigid polyurethane foams -- 4.3.3 Thermoplastic polyurethanes -- 4.3.4 Polyurethane ionomers -- 4.3.5 Waterborne polyurethanes -- 4.3.6 Polyurethane elastomers -- 4.4 Advances in polyurethane synthesis -- 4.4.1 Click chemistry -- 4.4.2 Nitrogen and phosphorous containing polyurethanes -- 4.4.3 Carbon and nanomaterial-based polyurethanes -- 4.4.4 Green alternatives -- 4.5 Recycling methodologies of PU -- 4.6 Major applications of polyurethanes -- 4.6.1 Coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers (case) industry -- 4.6.2 Biomedical applications -- 4.6.3 Automotive industry -- 4.6.4 Marine applications -- 4.6.5 Appliances, flooring, and packaging applications -- 4.7 Conclusion -- References -- 5 -- Polyurethane foam: The foaming process and the effect of process parameters on properties -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Key properties of RPUF -- 5.2 Principles of foam formation -- 5.2.1 The chemistry of RPUF -- 5.2.2 Formation of the cellular structure of RPUF -- 5.3 Selection of raw materials and process parameters for RPUF -- 5.3.1 Chemical process parameters -- 5.3.1.1 Isocyanate selection -- 5.3.1.2 Polyol selection -- 5.3.1.3 Chain extenders and cross-linkers -- 5.3.1.4 Catalysts -- 5.3.1.5 Blowing agents -- 5.3.1.6 Surfactants -- 5.3.1.7 Flame retardants. | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 5.3.1.8 Other additives -- 5.3.1.9 Calculations involved in RPUF formulation -- 5.3.2 Physical process parameters -- 5.4 Manufacturing -- 5.4.1 Hand mixing -- 5.4.1.1 Standard laboratory cup test -- 5.4.1.2 RPUF production by the hand mixing method -- 5.4.2 Foam production by machine -- 5.4.2.1 Continuous production of foil faced PIR boards or metal faced PIR panels -- 5.4.2.2 Discontinuous production of metal-faced PU panels -- 5.5 Trouble shooting RPUF production -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- 6 -- Polyurethane nanocomposite foams: Preparation, properties and applications -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Polyurethane -- 6.3 Polyurethane foaming -- 6.4 Polyurethane nanocomposite foam: Preparation and properties -- 6.4.1 Polyurethane/graphene nanocomposite foam -- 6.4.2 Polyurethane/carbon nanotube nanocomposite foam -- 6.5 Application areas of polyurethane nanocomposite foam -- 6.5.1 Shape memory property -- 6.5.2 EMI shielding -- 6.5.3 Ecofriendly polyurethane foam -- 6.5.4 Automotive polyurethane foam -- 6.5.5 Biomedical relevance -- 6.6 Future and summary -- References -- 7 -- Polyurethane based hydrogels synthesis, properties, and modifications -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Polyurethane hydrogels obtained by incorporation of components for physical crosslinking -- 7.2.1 Introduction -- 7.2.2 Preparation of hydrogels by addition of SA and divalent cations -- 7.2.3 Characterization of hydrogels prepared by addition of SA and divalent cations -- 7.3 Polyurethane nanocomposite hydrogels -- 7.3.1 Introduction -- 7.3.2 Nanocomposite hydrogels by addition of TiO2 nanoparticles -- 7.3.2.1 Preparation of nanocomposite hydrogels by addition of TiO2 nanoparticles -- 7.3.2.2 Characterization of nanocomposite hydrogels prepared by the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles -- 7.3.3 Nanocomposite hydrogels by addition of cellulose nanocrystals. | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 7.3.3.1 Preparation of nanocomposite hydrogels by addition of cellulose nanocrystals -- 7.3.3.2 Characterization of nanocomposite hydrogels prepared by the addition of cellulose nanocrystals -- 7.4 Conclusions -- References -- 8 -- Polyurethane-based aerogels: Preparation, properties, and applications -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Polyurethanes as diversified group of polymeric materials -- 8.3 Polyurethane aerogels: Preparation, characterization, and applications -- 8.4 Conclusions -- References -- 9 -- Shape memory polyurethane-based foams and aerogels -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Classification of SMPs -- 9.3 Mechanism of shape memory polymers (SMPs) -- 9.3.1 Mechanism in amorphous SMPs -- 9.3.2 Shape memory mechanism in crystalline SMP -- 9.4 Shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) -- 9.5 Advancement in shape memory polymers -- 9.6 Shape memory polyurethane -- 9.6.1 Shape memory polyurethane foam -- 9.6.2 Synthesis of shape memory polyurethane foam -- 9.7 Characterization of shape memory polyurethane foam -- 9.7.1 Tensile property -- 9.7.2 Density and porosity -- 9.7.3 Cell morphology -- 9.7.4 Thermal characterization -- 9.7.5 Dynamic thermomechanical characterization -- 9.7.6 Shape memory property -- 9.8 Modifications and recent progress in shape memory polyurethane foam -- 9.9 Applications of SMPU foams -- 9.9.1 Aneurysm -- 9.9.2 Tissue reconstruction -- 9.10 Conclusion -- References -- 10 -- Challenges in design, processing and use of PU foam/aerogel materials -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Challenges in design, processing and use of PU foam -- 10.2.1 Challenges of human and environmentally friendly materials for production of PU foams -- 10.2.2 Challenges in production process of PU foams -- 10.2.2.1 Challenges in production process of TPU foam and E-TPU foam -- 10.2.2.2 Challenges in production process of thermoset PU foam. | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 10.2.3 Challenges in design/processing to obtain low energy consumption and less CO2 emissions -- 10.2.4 Challenges in safety, stability usage, and disposal after usage -- 10.2.4.1 Safety of PU foam products: Direct human usage -- 10.2.4.2 Indirect product to human (for machinery, housing, and building) -- 10.2.4.3 After usage and biodegradation -- 10.3 Challenges in design, processing and use of PU aerogel -- 10.3.1 Challenges in technology and productivity of PU aerogel -- 10.3.2 Challenges in design of parameter and performance of PU aerogel -- 10.3.2.1 Effect of polyols and isocyanates -- 10.3.2.2 Effect of catalyst -- 10.3.2.3 Effect of solvent -- 10.3.2.4 Effect of others parameters -- 10.4 Future opportunities/perspective in PU foam and PU aerogel -- 10.4.1 PU from renewable resources -- 10.4.2 Biodegradable PU -- 10.4.3 PU aerogel in electronic application -- 10.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 -- Epoxy-based foams,aerogels, and hydrogels -- 11 -- Epoxy resins: Synthesis, structure, and properties -- 11.1 Epoxy resin: Thermosetting resins or thermosets -- 11.2 Synthesis of epoxy compounds -- 11.2.1 Synthesis of epoxy resins from halohydrins -- 11.2.2 Bisphenol-A epoxy resins -- 11.2.3 Novolac epoxy resins -- 11.2.4 Biobased epoxy resins -- 11.2.5 Cycloaliphatic epoxy resins -- 11.2.6 Trifunctional epoxy resin -- 11.2.7 Tetrafunctional epoxy resins -- 11.2.8 Fluorine-containing epoxy resin -- 11.2.9 Phosphorous containing epoxy resins -- 11.2.10 Silicon containing epoxy resins -- 11.3 Curing process -- 11.3.1 Coreactive curing agents -- 11.3.1.1 Amine functional type curing agents -- 11.3.1.1.1 Primary and secondary amines -- 11.3.1.1.1 Primary and secondary amines -- 11.3.1.1.2 Cycloaliphatic amines -- 11.3.1.1.2 Cycloaliphatic amines -- 11.3.1.1.3 Aromatic amines -- 11.3.1.1.3 Aromatic amines -- 11.3.1.2 Alkali curing agents. | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Colloids |v Handbooks, manuals, etc. | |
| 650 | 0 | |a Colloids |x Thermal properties |v Handbooks, manuals, etc. | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Colloids |2 fast |0 (OCoLC)fst00868334 | |
| 655 | 7 | |a Handbooks and manuals |2 fast |0 (OCoLC)fst01423877 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Raghavan, Prasanth |e editor. | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sreekala, M.S., |e editor. | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ravindran, Lakshmipriya, |e editor. | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Menon, Ankitha, |e editor. | |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 ScienceDirect |u https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780323994521 |