Pathophysiology and treatment of atherosclerotic disease in peripheral arteries /
This book, edited by Aloke Virmani Finn, delves into the complexities of peripheral artery disease (PAD). It covers various aspects of PAD, including its epidemiology, pathology, and treatment options. The text explores the prevalence and risk factors associated with PAD, as well as the natural hist...
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| Format: | Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
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Amsterdam :
Elsevier,
2024.
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| Online Access: | ScienceDirect |
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Table of Contents:
- Front Cover
- Pathophysiology and Treatment of Atherosclerotic Disease in Peripheral Arteries
- Pathophysiology and Treatment of Atherosclerotic Disease in Peripheral Arteries
- Copyright
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- 1
- Introduction
- 2
- Epidemiology of peripheral artery disease
- Introduction
- Prevalence
- Risk factors
- Cigarette smoking
- Diabetes mellitus
- Dyslipidemia
- Hypertension
- Homocysteine
- Inflammatory markers
- Chronic kidney disease
- Natural history of PAD
- PAD as a marker for disease in other vascular beds
- Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in PAD
- Limb outcomes in PAD
- Functional impairment
- Critical limb ischemia and amputations
- Acute limb ischemia
- Other outcomes in PAD
- PAD awareness
- Screening for PAD
- Undertreatment of PAD
- Conclusion
- References
- 3
- Atherosclerosis-Pathology of lower extremity atherosclerosis
- Introduction
- General understanding of progression of atherosclerosis
- Nonatherosclerotic intimal lesions
- Adaptive or diffuse intimal thickening/intimal xanthoma
- Progressive atherosclerotic lesions
- Pathological intimal thickening (PIT)
- Fibroatheroma
- Thin-cap fibroatheroma
- Lesion with thrombus formation
- Plaque rupture
- Plaque erosion
- Calcified nodule
- Other lesions including healed plaque and fibrocalcific plaque
- Differences of cause of acute thrombotic event between CAD and LEAD
- Differences of manifestation of calcifications between PAD and CAD
- Intimal and medial calcification
- Bone formation
- Perspective of histology of LEAD
- References
- 4
- Pathology of below-the-knee occlusions and chronic limb ischemia
- Introduction
- Atherosclerosis in below-the-knee arteries
- Medial arterial calcification
- Summary of pathological findings in below-the-knee arteries
- Conclusion
- References.
- 5
- Calcium and atherosclerosis in lower extremities
- Introduction
- Prevalence of calcification
- Development of intimal and medial calcification and its contribution to PAD
- Mechanisms of medial arterial calcification
- Clinical implications
- Risk
- Imaging
- Targeting therapies
- References
- 6
- Current molecular understanding of peripheral arterial disease
- Introduction
- Genomics
- Clinical correlation
- Cellular pathophysiology
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Inflammation and resolution
- Macrophage dysfunction
- Thrombosis
- Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus
- Vascular calcification
- Conclusion
- References
- 7
- Clinical presentation and diagnosis of PAD
- Introduction
- Who are high risk groups for PAD?
- Clinical presentation
- Claudication
- Chronic limb-threatening Ischemia
- Acute limb ischemia
- Clinical evaluation of peripheral arterial disease
- Laboratory diagnosis of PAD-Ankle brachial index and vascular ultrasound
- Definition
- Physiology
- Measurement
- Vascular ultrasound
- Abnormal study
- Conclusion
- References
- 8
- Medical therapy of PAD
- Medical therapies that reduce major adverse cardiovascular and limb events in PAD
- Smoking cessation management
- Nicotine replacement
- Non nicotine medications
- Smoking cessation counseling
- Diabetes management
- Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i)
- Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA)
- Lipid management
- Statins
- PCSK9i
- Fibrates
- Antiplatelet management
- Aspirin
- P2Y12-i
- Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT)
- Antithrombotic management
- Vitamin K antagonists
- Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs)
- Blood pressure management
- Multimodality drug therapy
- Noninvasive therapies that improve symptoms in PAD
- Cilostazol
- Exercise therapy.
- Supervised exercise therapy
- Home-based exercise therapy
- Conclusions
- References
- 9
- Intravascular ultrasound: Role in PAD
- Introduction
- The basics of IVUS in peripheral vascular interventions
- IVUS in peripheral arterial interventions
- Outcomes in peripheral arterial interventions
- Indications for IVUS in peripheral arterial interventions
- IVUS in peripheral venous interventions
- Outcomes in peripheral venous interventions
- Indications for IVUS in peripheral venous interventions
- Controversies and concerns
- Practice patterns and cost effectiveness
- Safety
- Workflow
- Conclusion
- References
- 10
- Atherectomy in endovascular procedures
- Introduction
- Atherectomy device utilization
- Scientific statements on atherectomy
- Evidence base supporting atherectomy
- Laser
- Rotational
- Directional
- Orbital
- Endovascular lithotripsy
- Knowledge gaps and future directions
- Conclusion
- Disclosures
- References
- Further reading
- 11
- Interventional treatment of PAD: Drug-coated balloons and stents
- Introduction
- Current chemotherapy medications
- DES
- Full drug jacket?
- Restenosis and the use of DES
- Tibial DES
- DCB
- Comparative DCB versus DES data
- Treatment of in-stent restenosis with DCB/DES
- Vessel prep and DCB
- Tibial DCB
- Economic impact of drug-based technologies
- Summary
- References
- 12
- Surgical treatment of PAD: Open and endovascular repair
- Introduction
- Aortoiliac lesions
- Open repair
- Laparoscopic repair
- Extraanatomic reconstruction
- Endovascular repair
- Hybrid procedures
- Femoropopliteal lesions
- Femoral bifurcation
- Endovascular repair
- Infrainguinal bypasses
- Infrapopliteal lesions
- Endovascular repair
- Bypass
- Amputation
- Conclusion
- References
- 13
- PAD: Future directions
- Index
- Back Cover.